I think the thing we need to remember from this list of names is that these Christians were noted for their steady, tested commitment, their faithfulness to the gospel. "She has been a help to many others," he says, "and to me.". Mary the wife of Clopas (John 19:25; note that in this verse three of the four women mentioned had the name "Mary"). He had met some of them when his and their journeys intersected (e.g., Priscilla and Aquila, Andronicus and Junia). I am not going to finish it today, however. Tryphena of Rome is a Christian woman mentioned in Romans 16:12 of the Bible ("Salute Tryphena and Tryphosa, who labour in the Lord." There are two households mentioned, and two unnamed women -- the mother of Rufus and the sister of Nereus -- as well as some unnamed brethren. Note that in both halves of 1 Corinthians 11 the word “church” is used. 18. I commend to you Phoebe our sister, who is a servant of the church in Cenchrea, that you may receive her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the saints, and assist her in whatever business she has need of you; for indeed she has been a helper of many and of myself also. Ps 51:4: Rom 3:10-12 It is this group, probably, that Paul is referring to. Greet Mary, who bestowed much labour on us — Performed many good offices for the faithful, especially for the preachers of the gospel. In Verse 13 we have Rufus, chosen in the Lord, and his mother, who had been a mother to the apostle too. 16:13 This Rufus cannot be identified to … We cannot be certain of all those details, but much is suggested by this. Phoebe is described as a diakonos of the church at Cenchrea, but some insist she was not a minister but a servant. Say hello to the members of the household of Narcissus who are in the Lord. These kinds of prejudiced, baseless statements from Edgar make it difficult to take his work seriously, let alone critique it. 18For such people are not serving our Lord Christ, but their own appetites. Ignore them. We do not know what Epaenetus was doing in Rome, but he was cherished because he was the first to exercise faith in Asia. (In a few of his letters, Paul speaks of his own ministry in maternal terms. the Joanna mentioned as a wealthy patron and follower of Jesus in Luke 8:3 and 24:10 may be identical to Junia, with Joanna being her Aramaic name and Junia its Greek/Latin equivalent.3 Whatever her identity, Paul’s deference to her authority illustrates the utmost respect on his part. See here.). How many times does the word Christ appear in the Bible? Greet my dear friend Persis, another woman who has worked very hard in the Lord. Olympas Romans 16:15, Say hello to Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints who are with them. Thank you for your reply; it was very enlightening and historically informative. And associated with him is Mary, whom Paul calls "Mary the toiler." Paul introduces her to the Romans in terms of her ministry. It is also apparent that Paul has no problem with these women. Julia; probably the wife of Philologus. They are outstanding among the apostles, and they were in Christ before I was. These factions always cause division. In the New International Version, “Christ” appears 453 times! The family of Stephanas were the first converts of Achaia ( 1 Cor. All class distinctions disappeared within the church and that is what happens whenever the church works. After Phoebe, twenty-eight Roman Christians are listed. In fact, for 300 years there is no mention of church buildings in Scripture. Nine of these people were with Paul — eight men and one woman. When Paul gives direct practical advice about the whole church in 1 Cor. Did Miriam the prophetess only minister to women? 27. Have you noticed how many of the cults today are trying to go back to the Scriptures, arguing from them a groundwork for their faith? She is the likely courier of this letter, and is heading up arrangements for Paul’s visit to Rome (15:32). 11:17, 18, 20, 33, 34. They both have to do with 1 Timothy, and I would greatly value your thoughts on them. Paul greets them, and reminds the church that they had risked their lives for him. Say hello to Epaenetus, my dear friend, who was the first convert [literally “first-fruits] in Asia for Christ. These people probably all belong to the same house church in Rome. This chapter reveals Paul's appreciation of all who labor for the Lord. I have been reading some of your articles on authentein, and I can see that there is a fair amount of evidence to suggest that it was not a normal exercise of authority. continue in xyz.” This sounds very domestic to me. Would not that be a great inscription, "Tested and approved in Christ"?) In fact, he gives no examples of the verb in ancient papyri until later, and these very few examples are just allusions rather than examples. Paul now turns to greet those he knew in Rome, and he begins with a very well known husband and wife team, Verses 3-4: Greet Priscilla and Aquila, my fellow workers in Christ Jesus. There are no grounds for such a presumption. So he asks that these people and the various households be greeted. They had been Christians longer than Paul, perhaps they had even been disciples when Jesus was alive. I apologize again for asking so many questions, and I thank you for your insight. The grace of our Lord Jesus be with you. A shepherd who only feeds the male sheep in his flock? His advice is to keep away from them. They always appear to be the most dedicated and devoted of believers. It is apparent that women were active in significant ministries in the church at Rome. We do not know much more about her, but her name has been preserved forever because of this mention. It is incorrect to say that the smaller meetings were less formal. 1:1 and 1 Tim. The fact that she is not named may be a mark of respect and perhaps indicates she is an older person. Paul didn’t. This is supported, I think, by the fact that Paul mentions his relative, Herodion, in connection with these servants. . They were engaged in warfare that never ended until they left this life, so they kept on fighting. Say hello to Ampliatus, my dear friend in the Lord. 1:6). Greet Ampliatus, whom I love in the Lord. She is one of the group of unknown women in the Gospels who had the gift of helps. Here was a man who loved the Word of God, and gathered with him these men and women -- Julia, Nereus and his sister. Rufus Romans 16:13 Romans 16:21. 3:28). In slave families they did not bother to think up names; they just numbered the children, First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, etc. In the first century, NT letters and documents, plus some other Christian documents, circulated as independent documents and were passed between churches. Who are the two olive trees? Asyncritus Romans 16:14 Michael Bird on inconsistent complementarian attitudes to women teachers, Questions about how to interpret and implement 1 Timothy 2:12, https://margmowczko.com/1-timothy-212-not-as-clear/, https://www.pbpayne.com/wp-admin/Payne2008NTS-oude1Tim2_12.pdf, https://www.pbpayne.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Payne-OUDE-CBE-ETS-final.pdf, https://margmowczko.com/chastity-salvation-1-timothy-215/. I’d love for you to use my material. When Claudius was murdered, Nero took over, and he also took over the household of Narcissus. Here were Tryphaena and Tryphosa. But I have always been fascinated by this man Apelles, whom Paul says has been "tested and approved in Christ." Part of this was based on the fact that I Corinthians 11:17 shows a clear transition to the believers meeting together, which is not clearly mentioned in I Corinthians 11:2-16. CEB. Chapter 16 struck me as rather odd; there was a giant list of names, thirty four to be exact, and an actual declaration of who wrote the letter in verse 22: “I … Marg has a BTh from the Australian College of Ministries and an MA in early Christian and Jewish studies from Macquarie University. 22I, Tertius, who wrote down this letter, greet you in the Lord. I am sure that if they had known that mention in one of Paul's letters was to give them undying fame, there would have been a long line of people outside his door urging him to include them in the letter. You can’t remember their name. And yet, they who did not have to work for a livelihood worked hard in the service of the Lord. 1:1). Rom. Its inclusion in both places in some manuscripts is thought by scholars to have been accidental. He has called us to a battleground. All in all, the pages I read contain messy arguments, prejudiced assumptions, and only a small amount of technical or verifiable information that might actually help us understand what Paul meant in 1 Timothy 2:11-15. Mary Magdalene told Jesus’s disciples the good news that Jesus has risen from the dead, but some insist she was not preaching. 19Everyone has heard about your obedience, so I am full of joy over you; but I want you to be wise about what is good, and innocent about what is evil. These words of Paul open up hidden vistas that bring the whole flavor and color of this first-century Christian life home to us. God bless you sis . (1-2) A recommendation of Phoebe. Jehovah Elohim – The eternal creator (Genesis 2:4-5) Jehovah Adonai – The Lord our sovereign; Master Jehovah (Genesis 15:2, 8) Jehovah Jireh – The Lord will see or provide (Genesis 22:8-14) This is the concluding study from Romans Chapter 16. I think that is a deadly philosophy. Perhaps surprisingly, there was a lot to learn from the long list of names. I appreciate the information and background, and you have helped me better understand these verses. This is significant as there were tensions between the Jews and Gentiles in the Roman Church at the time Paul wrote his letter. His home was in North Africa, and he evidently had little or no interest in the things of Christ until he was forced to carry the cross of Jesus. Paul goes on to mention two other friends, Verses 5-6: Greet my dear friend Epaenetus, who was the first convert to Christ in the province of Asia. A large number of those named were personal acquaintances of Paul; some had rendered him special service; many were, no doubt, his own converts. Nereus Romans 16:15 What a relief, not to be bothered with a church building program! They only envisaged getting adequate rest in order to come back and fight through to the end. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Not only do they comprise 35% of the believers mentioned, Prisca and Aquila were a married couple. We pray that you will grant to us, Lord, similar faith that we too may share with you in a time of testing, a time of rebuke and pressure and persecution and trouble, and stand steadfast to the end, for your name's sake. 1. Next, we get another band of hard-working ladies, and also another hidden romantic story, Verses 12-13: Greet Tryphaena and Tryphosa [I have always enjoyed those names!] So, here are the names for God in the Bible. (Source: Facebook) Image used with his permission. Romans 16:1 Or servant; Romans 16:1 The word deacon refers here to a Christian designated to serve with the overseers/elders of the church in a variety of ways; similarly in Phil. By smooth talk and flattery they deceive the minds of naive people. Say hello to the members of the household of Aristobulus. 1 Timothy 2:8-10 is about bad behaviour and wrong practices. Romans 16 is an important passage; about one third of the people mentioned in this chapter are women. Twenty-nine people are mentioned in Romans 16:1-16, with twenty-eight based in Rome. Romans Chapter 16. The name of the grandson of Herod the … Later he sends greetings from eight who are with him in Corinth. So here’s the thing: [1] Paul had not yet visited the church at Rome, but he was already acquainted with some of their ministers. Paul stayed in Jason's home when a riot broke out in the city. Would you like to support my ministry of encouraging mutuality and equality between men and women in the church and in marriage? I could add other Bible women to this list. There is a wistful note here as Paul remembers that they were in Christ before him, and no doubt they were praying for him. So I don’t understand this point about reading. 1:1 and 1 Tim. Paul lists 24 names of people in Rome, although he has never been there. You can picture them gathered in the home of Gaius, this gracious, genial, generous host of the city, mentioned in Paul's first letter to the Corinthians. God bless you! Knowing names. . We had better find out what they are and get to work, get involved in the battle, because God has not called us to a picnic ground. She is the likely courier of this letter, and is heading up arrangements for Paul’s visit to Rome (15:32). And Edgar makes no comment about word order in 1 Tim 2:12, at least not yet in the pages I read. The people Paul greets are male and female, young and old, Jew and Gentile, slave and free. Urbanus and Stachys we know no more about than what Paul mentions here. Just like Prisca and Aquila, Urbanus, a man, is described using Paul’s favourite word for a fellow minister: coworker. That is always a problem within the church when people think one particular thing is most important. [3] Paul’s comment that Rufus’s mother was “a mother to me” may be in reference to her ministry to Paul and not just their relationship. (Romans 16:1-15, NRSV) This is a beautiful picture of the diversity of the early church. And since most of the Christians were Jewish, they would have heard the scriptures read in synagogues that owned some scrolls. Some of these dear people had only the gift of helps (although I should not say "only" the gift of helps, for that is a great gift.) And they didn’t learn about apostolic teaching by reading, but by having letters read aloud in meetings. God bless you. My take of verse 15 is here: https://margmowczko.com/chastity-salvation-1-timothy-215/. We have people today who emphasize tongues, or prophecy, or some phase of teaching that they think is the mark of a true believer, to the exclusion of everything else. Moore is a pastor at Roots Covenant Church in St Paul, Minnesota. They are educated slaves who have become Christians. Romans 16 – Greetings to the Christians in Rome A. Greetings to many different Christians. In this post I’m going to introduce one of the many woman mentioned in Romans 16. Aquila Romans 16:3-5a, Say hello to Prisca and Aquila, my coworkers in Christ Jesus, who risked their own necks for my life. Stachys is the third person in this list who Paul describes as his dear friend (“beloved”). All the churches of Christ send greetings. Erastus, who is the city's director of public works, and our brother Quartus send you their greetings. The author of Romans is a slave or servant of Christ (Rom. (1) Paul, contrary to what is supposed today, greatly valued women and the significance of their ministry. another house church, as with the group mentioned in v. 14. Up to this point he has been dictating this letter to a man who identifies himself in Verse 22: "I, Tertius, who wrote down this letter, greet you in the Lord." Most first-century church meetings were small and often met in homes. Romans 16:24 is the same as Romans 16:20 b. Contrary to Kroeger and Liefield, I do not think that “to originate” is the sense of authentein in 1 Timothy 2:12. in a maternal way towards him. That is a sexist term. Paul decides to send greetings from all those people who were with him in Corinth. Hermes Romans 16:14 11:2-16. Paul is evidently thinking of his own trip to Jerusalem and the threat that awaits him from the Judaizers there, Verses 17-20: I urge you, brothers, to watch out for those who cause divisions and put obstacles in your way, contrary to the teaching you have learned. Thank you for your thorough analysis of Romans 16. Paul is very careful to remember these women and men who had the gift of helps. This just shows again here that many women helped with Paul's ministry. They come from various places. Here is a list of over a dozen early and medieval scholars who took Junia’s name in Romans 16:7 to be feminine. Didn’t know so many women were involved in ministry and some of their spouse just give a helping hand . 5:6), Israel (Rom. (Romans 16:21-24 NIV). 11:17ff and 1 Cor. I would enjoy hearing your thoughts on that. Moore’s notes on the list of people in Romans 16:1-16. Our Father, we thank you for these names of men and women who long ago preceded us in the pilgrimage of life. But in many ways this is one of the most exciting chapters in Romans, as I think you will see. (Romans 16:17-20 NIV). I was also curious about another argument that I heard recently involving I Corinthians 11:2-16 and 14:34-35. I do not think it makes its best progress by massive campaigns. They lift them up above the rest and give them a peculiar mark of distinction, and flatter their egos as being members of the true church. 3. Or perhaps they are the hosts and leaders of three different house churches in Rome. The peace will be preserved without a lot of warfare and dissension. He only tells the men (1 Tim 2:8). Plus he relies on older lexicons of the NT that did not have the advantage of new discoveries of ancient Greek afforded by the discoveries of thousands of ancient papyri in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The name does not seem to exist. It is not a picnic. Say hello to Urbanus, our coworker in Christ . There is no clear indication how public or private the church meetings were in Corinth (cf. Thus he has been approved in Christ. She bore and preserved this letter all along that hazardous journey from Corinth to Rome. The family of Stephanas were the first converts of Achaia ( 1 Cor. This statement is dodgy on a few levels: “The passage concerns the relationship between men and women, not some practice wrong in itself.” Why would he presume that? Both his theology and his attitude were questionable. No less than 24 persons were saluted by name, plus household groups of Aristobulus and of Narcissus, plus the mother of Rufus and the sister of Nereus. Cenchreae was the port of Corinth, located about nine miles east of the city. We do not know what they did, but there is a delicate irony here. Already, in the heart of the Roman Empire, a Christian witness had been established, and Paul sends greetings to the slaves and servants in the house of Nero. Here, Paul introduced himself to the Romans Christians by addressing three important characteristic of his apostleship. God and Jesus Christ rightfully have full power and absolute authority (authentia); husbands do not have this kind of power or authority. He reveals the fact that everywhere this couple went they had a church in their home. Five families or houses are mentioned. Because of their ministry to him, Apollos went on to Corinth, where he had a mighty ministry in the Word of God. a) In a sense, that is what I want you to get out of Chapter 16. There were both men and women named Olympis in the ancient world. Then a final group, perhaps another house church in Rome, Verse 15: Greet Philologus, Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas and all the saints with them. 10Greet Apelles, tested and approved in Christ. It may be that Paul is critiquing a custom or concern in Corinth that was not a custom in other churches (1 Cor. There is a very helpful passage here on what to do about problems within the church: Here is a group of people who are professing Christians, but, who, to judge by the apostle's language, are not truly believers. "Greet those in the household of Narcissus who are in the Lord." Just write another line and send your own greetings." [1] More about Phoebe here. I think this passage reminds us that God has called us all to a ministry, and we all have to give an account for what we have done with our gifts. That’s an interesting and valid point about Genesis 3:17, Taylor. But this passage is not a dry list of names. Not only do they comprise 35% of the believers mentioned, Thank you for the wonderful analysis! This Latin name appears over 1,400 times in the corpus of names found in Rome. All the churches of Christ send greetings. After Mary, Paul mentions the couple Andronicus and Junia. 11:2-16 is about a man or woman praying or prophesying to themselves in the privacy of their own home. Rom. "Asia," as in the Revision, is the true reading. This again takes us back to the earliest days of the gospel ministry when perhaps young Saul of Tarsus, coming to Jerusalem to sit at the feet of Gamaliel, the great Jewish teacher, had probably stayed in the home of Simon of Cyrene and his two sons, Alexander and Rufus. The early Christians did not believe that. Enjoy this video and share it … https://www.pbpayne.com/wp-admin/Payne2008NTS-oude1Tim2_12.pdf Phoebe -female -deacon -probably a business woman -has social position, independence -was a great help to Paul and others -is entrusted to take the letter from Paul to Rome -from Corinth. Greet also the church that meets at their house. Andronicus and Junia were a missionary couple who had been persecuted for their faith. All ancient writers who commented on Romans 16:7 understood the name to be feminine, from the early church Fathers until the 13 th century. Like Epaenetus, Ampliatus and Stachys (three men mentioned above), Paul refers to Persis, a woman, as a dear friend (“beloved”). He realized that the work of the Lord is like a tapestry. So there is quite a list of people the apostle knew personally in Rome, though he himself had not yet visited that city -- these are people he had known somewhere else in the Roman Empire. NRSV. His wife, Domatilla, also a Christian, was banished by the emperor. It is hard to tell whether this is a husband and wife team, or two brothers. Paul sends his greetings to them and all the brothers with them. Blessings for your continued messages of enlightenment and understanding for the people of God. Greet Mary, who laboured hard for you. 11:20-21). Erastus, who is the city's director of public works, and our brother Quartus send you his greetings. Romans 16:16 NIV. Now we have even more names. "You Christians in Rome have a reputation for obedience. There are 29 names in all; but the number of persons mentioned are much more. The God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet. The grace of our Lord Jesus be with you. Gaius opened his house to the entire Christian community, so here is Paul, sitting there with his friends. There are two households mentioned, and two unnamed women -- the mother of Rufus and the sister of Nereus -- as well as some unnamed brethren. 3Greet Priscilla and Aquila, my fellow workers in Christ Jesus. 14:26 indicates communal participation at such gatherings. By Ernie and Mary Kroeger. Third, they believed that there is need for rest and leisure at times, but only to restore them to go back into the battle. There is only one more thing that I am curious about. c. Amplias: There is a tomb dating from the late first or early second century in the earliest Christian catacomb of Rome which bears the name AMPLIAS. https://bible.org/seriespage/lesson-106-snapshot-church-romans-161-16-21-23 Required fields are marked *. Phoebe (Koine Greek: Φοίβη) was a first-century Christian woman mentioned by the Apostle Paul in his Epistle to the Romans, verses 16:1-2.A notable woman in the church of Cenchreae, she was trusted by Paul to deliver his letter to the Romans. You never forget that first one you lead to Christ. In those days, too many good citizens – good Christians! Moore, a pastor at Roots Covenant Church in St Paul, Minnesota. Others he may have known by reputation. 19. There seems to be little doubt that Rufus, along with his brother Alexander, mentioned in the Gospel of Mark, were the sons of Simon of Cyrene. Furthermore, even though the levels of illiteracy may have been exaggerated in the past, most people were not competent readers; many couldn’t read at all. Junia was a woman and not Junias, a man. Posted by Marg | May 18, 2019 | All Posts on Equality, Paul and Women | 18. They figure prominently in the list of greetings Paul sends to the Christians at Rome, with 10 of the 29 people mentioned being women. He was behind the scenes politically, but was the close friend of the Emperor Claudius. 11:17 is indeed the beginning of a new section. ~ The theology of the well-known American Bible teacher is questionable. Paul describes Rufus as “chosen” or “elect.” (This is the same word used to describe the lady addressed in 2 John and her sister. 8:32). They can read and write, and are part of this group in Corinth. And plausible talk to think of those things be able to turn it in my PDF reader “ am. 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