2013; 6(1):47-54. https://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/safety/docs/animal-feed-eu-reg-comm_register_feed_additives_1831-03.pdf, EFSA FEED Panel (EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed). Benzoic acid preservative prevents or delays nutritional losses due to microbiological, enzymatic, or chemical changes of foods during its shelf life. Though benzoic acid is used in cosmetics, dyes, plastics and insect repellents, it is most commonly included in food products as a preservative. enable_page_level_ads: true Sodium benzoate is produced by the neutralization of benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide 14). Expressed on 24 February 1994. Benzoic acid, C12-15-alkyl ester is a colourless liquid with a low vapour pressure value suggesting low potential for inhalative exposure.The Partition coefficient n-octanol/water suggests potential for bioaccumulation. Fourth Edition. Benzoic acid is a byproduct of phenylalanine metabolism in bacteria. Benzoic acid is generally recognised as safe. From the aforementioned studies, the European Food Safety Authority Panel derived an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 5 mg/kg body weight per day (expressed as benzoic acid) using an uncertainty factor of 100. 1–48. Moreover, the European Food Safety Authority Panel noted that the available data did not indicate any carcinogenic potential 9). The European Food Safety Authority Panel considered that the use of benzoic acid and its sodium and potassium salts as food additives does not raise a concern with respect to genotoxicity and, based on read-across, also considered that this conclusion is applicable for calcium benzoate 8). Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products Intended for Conumers concerning benzoic acid and sodium benzoate. Benzoic Acid Chemical Structure Composition. Learn more about Para-aminobenzoic Acid (paba) uses, benefits, side effects, interactions, safety concerns, and Information on the stability of the salts of the benzoic acid in food is very limited, but the benzoate anion is chemically stable, and degradation in food or reactions with food components are not anticipated, with the exception of the reaction with ascorbic acid under certain conditions (see benzoic acid hazards below). Commission implementing Regulation (EC) No 1035/2013 of 24 October 2013 approving benzoic acid as an existing active substance for use in biocidal products for products – types 2 and 4. BfR (Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung [Federal Institute for Risk Assessment]), 2005. The notion that benzoic acid is unlikely to be carcinogenic is backed by evidence on its precursors. A wide variety of uses benzoic acid options are available to you, such as preservatives, antioxidants, and nutrition enhancers. To help unclog the pores, it even dries off dead skin cells. Benzoic acid and salicylic acid topical (for the skin) is a combination medicine used to treat skin irritation and inflammation caused by burns, insect bites, fungal infections, or eczema. (2007) on the effect of some colours and sodium benzoate on children’s behaviour. The maximum permitted concentrations of benzoic acid in each type of food are controlled by legislation. EFSA Journal 2011;9(7):2318, 73 pp. 2011;11(8):7302-13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3231706/. According to Maki and Takeda 13), benzoic acid is produced, worldwide, by liquid-phase oxidation of toluene with molecular oxygen. Summary record of the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health. An optical test strip for the detection of benzoic acid in food. Benzoic Acid is used for Fungal infections of skin and other conditions. Benzoic acid. Food additive (e number) Treatment of metabolic disease Antiseptic agent Pharmaceutic aid: Preservative Benzoic acid. SCF (Scientific Committee on Food), 2002. Reaction by-products include benzaldehyde, acetic acid, formic acid and benzyl alcohol. This salt may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Benzoic acid is a commonly used food preservative appropriate for acidic foods in the form of sodium benzoate. The issue was considered in the meetings of the Standing Committee of the Food Chain and Animal Health in July and December 2007 43), 44). EFSA Journal 2016;14(1):4353, 13 pp. According to industry, ‘production of benzoic acid is by liquid-phase oxidation of toluene in the presence of a cobalt catalyst. An acute study with benzoic acid by gavage in male and female mice was available to the European Food Safety Authority Panel. In its 1996 evaluation, JECFA 36) presented the results of acute oral toxicity studies in rats, rabbits and dogs, showing LD50 (lethal dose 50, where 50% of test subjects die) values for benzoic acid or sodium benzoate ranging from 2,000 to 2,700 mg/kg body weight. For children and adolescents, the main contributing food categories were confectionary, flavored drinks and processed fish and fishery products; while, for adults and the elderly, the main contributing food categories were processed fruit and vegetables and sauces. The European Food Safety Authority Panel considered that the use of benzoic acid and its sodium and potassium salts as food additives did not raise a concern with respect to genotoxicity. Benzoic acid (C7H6O2) was first described in the 16th century. Indications of the possible formation of benzene from benzoic acid in foods. The oxidation reaction is a free-radical chain process. For food and pharmaceutical uses, benzoic acid is upgraded by further processing. WHO (World Health Organization), 2011. Acmc Originally the oxidation reaction was carried out at 140 °C and ca. (Forty sixth meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting on Food Additives. Sensors (Basel). Benzoic acid is a compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent. The European Food Safety Authority Panel noted that if limestone is the source of calcium carbonate which is used in the production of calcium benzoate, then calcium benzoate could be contaminated with aluminium. Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of benzoic acid as feed additive for pigs for fattening when used as acidity regulator and all animal species when used as a flavouring. (Chang P and Ku K, 1993. CEC, Luxembourg, 1996, 33-39. December 2013. sodiuam benzoate is used in preservation of … Other esters, including benzyl formate and benzyl acetate, are also present. E210 is used in the preservation of food. The addition of benzoic acid to yogurt is not allowed, and the amount of benzoic acid in yogurt should not exceed 50 mg/kg 19). Opinion on benzoic acid and sodium benzoate. Your email address will not be published. Benzoic acid is authorized as technological feed additive (acidity regulator) for pigs for fattening (10,000 mg/kg), as zootechnical additive for weaned piglets (5,000 mg/kg) and pigs for fattening (10,000 mg/kg) and as a chemically defined flavoring (125 mg/kg) 21). Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit [Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety], 5, 443–452. It is also a precursor to benzoyl chloride. Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate have also been evaluated by the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products Intended for Consumers 29) and the Scientific Committee on Consumer Products 30). Gardner LK and Lawrence GD, 1993. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 1, 385–393. 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