2016 ). Types of Earthquakes in Japan There were also reports of unusual phenomenon on that same day—low water levels in wells and large numbers of tunas every day. However, it is the epicenter of an earthquake that is reported by scientists and the media (figure 1). The 1896 Sanriku earthquake was a typical ‘tsunami earthquake’ which caused large tsunami despite its weak ground shaking. Melgar points to the 1933 Sanriku earthquake in Japan, which came in at a magnitude 8.5, as a good example of one of these intraslab normal quakes. Kei Yamashita, Daisuke Sugawara, Tomoyuki Takahashi, Fumihiko Imamura, Yuichi Saito, Yoshiyuki Imato, Tadashi Kai, Hitoshi Uehara, Toshihiro Kato, Kazuto Nakata, Ryotaro Saka; ... changes that resulted from the 2011 Tohoku earthquake tsunami in … The 1896 Sanriku earthquake was one of the most destructive seismic events in Japanese history. The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (昭和三陸地震, Shōwa Sanriku Jishin) occurred on the Sanriku coast of the Tōhoku region of Honshū, Japan on March 2 with a moment magnitude of 8.4. The source of the earthquake was off the north coast of Sanriku. The … The 869 Sanriku earthquake (貞観地震, Jōgan jishin) and its associated tsunami struck the area around Sendai in the northern part of Honshu on 9 July 869 AD (or the 26th day of the 5th month in the 11th year of Jōgan). Houses Heavily Damaged by the Sanriku Earthquake . The earthquake and subsequent tsunamis destroyed 9,000 homes and caused approximately 22,000 deaths. Precise locations of earthquakes in the source areas … The recurrence of major seismic activity continues in the 21st century. The 1933 earthquake was the largest earthquake hitherto ever reported among normal fault earthquakes, with Mw = 8.5 (Okal et al. The associated tsunami caused widespread damage. Therefore, the tsunami are referred to separately as the Meiji Sanriku Earthquake Tsunami and the Sanriku Earthquake Tsunami. The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (昭和三陸地震, Shōwa Sanriku Jishin) occurred on the Sanriku coast of the Tōhoku region of Honshū, Japan on March 2 with a moment magnitude of 8.4. The June 15, 1896 Sanriku earthquake generated devastating tsunamis with the maximum run‐up of 25 m and caused the worst tsunami disaster in the history of Japan, despite its moderate surface wave magnitude (M s =7.2) and weak seismic intensity. Date and Origin Time - March 3, 1933 at 02:31 AM (Japan Standard Time); March 02 at 17:31 UTC. The epicenter of the 1933 Sanriku earthquake was located offshore, 290 kilometres (180 mi) east of the city of Kamaishi, Iwate. In the vertical cross section of crust, there are two features labeled—the focus and the epicenter, which is directly above the focus. The earthquake measured 8.4 on the moment magnitude scale [1] and was in approximately the same location as the 1896 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake. JAPAN - EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI OF 3 MARCH 1933 IN SANRIKU. The Sanriku coast has a well-documented history of significant seismic activity. Thirty-five minutes after the earthquake, the most devastating tsunami in Japan’s history reached the shore at the same time as high tide. The estimated rupture area for the earthquake is similar to that calculated for the 1933 Sanriku earthquake.[5]. In 1933, Japan was shacked by a strong earthquake, with a 8.5 Richter power. Earthquake title=1933 Sanriku earthquake date= March 2 1933 magnitude = 8.4 M w depth= location= countries affected = flag|Japan flag|United States tsunami = Yes casualties = at least 3000 dead The 1933 Sanriku earthquake occurred on March 2, 1933 off the coast of Sanriku, in the Tōhoku region of Honshu, Japan.The earthquake measured 8.4 on the moment magnitude scale. George Pararas-Carayannis. The Meiji-Sanriku earthquake in 1896 occurred in the same area as the Tohuku earthquake in 2011. The violence of the tsunami was yet another unusual feature of the day. N1 - Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to Hiroo Kanamori for sending us a preliminary write up of his solution for the moment of the 1933 earthquake, and to Naoki Uchida for collaboration and a data set … [1][3] It triggered a devastating tsunami. The offshore earthquake, though powerful, was barely felt on shore so no one was prepared for the tsunami that followed. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of at least 8.4 on the moment magnitude scale, but may have been as high as 9.0, similar to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. The Sanriku Coast has periodically been struck by large tsunami. It was shown that the position where the damage building caused by both earthquakes was distributed was almost the same by this investigation. On the southern coast of Hokkaido, many Ainu were also drowned ("Hokkaido History"). A description of this event in an official diary from 1612 is probably the first recorded use of the term 'tsunami'.[4]. Amongst the worst affected places was Ōtsuchi, with 800 deaths. A great earthquake occurred on March 2, 1933 (UTC DATE) in the Sanriku region of Japan and generated a destructive tsunami that caused extensive damage along the Sanriku coast of the Tohoku region of the island of Honshu. The 1896 Sanriku earthquake (明治三陸地震, Meiji Sanriku Jishin) was one of the most destructive seismic events in Japanese history. However, due to the time delay of nearly four hours before the tsunami arrived, there are questions about the exact location of the source. In the northern part of the Japan Trench, the 1933 Showa-Sanriku earthquake (M w 8.4), an outer-trench, normal-faulting earthquake, occurred 37 yr after the 1896 Meiji-Sanriku tsunami earthquake (M w 8.0), a shallow, near-trench, plate-interface rupture. The impact of this tsunami carried across the Pacific. It is possible that the earthquake and tsunami in Sanriku was an enormous quake that resonated even in the area of the Kurile Trench off the eastern coast of Hokkaido. The earthquake from March 2, 1933, led to many damages and 3000 victims. The ... the depth of the surface layer and the damage of the house. The epicenter of the 1933 Sanriku earthquake was located offshore, 290 kilometres (180 mi) east of the city ... caused extensive damage, destroyed many homes and caused numerous casualties The tsunami destroyed over 7,000 homes along the northern Japanese coastline, of which over 4,885 were washed away. After the quake’s shack, there continued … Both of them have caused huge damage on the eastern coast of Japan, having a huge inundation area more than 500km2with the attack of destructive wave forces. With this earthquake, the area along the Pacific Ocean in what is currently called the Sanriku Coast did shake strongly, but only about 4-5 on the Shindo scale. Preventive coastal measures were not implemented until after another tsunami struck in 1933. The 8.5 magnitude earthquake occurred at 19:32 (local time) on June 15, 1896, approximately 166 kilometres (103 mi) off the coast of Iwate Prefecture, Honshu. Maximum wave heights of 28.7 m (94 ft) were observed at Ryori Bay, Honshu. The 8.5 magnitude earthquake occurred at 19:32 (local time) on June 15, 1896, approximately 166 kilometres (103 mi) off the coast of Iwate Prefecture, Honshu.It resulted in two tsunamis which destroyed about 9,000 homes and caused at least 22,000 deaths. The 8.5 magnitude earthquake occurred at 19:32 (local time) on June 15, 1896, approximately 166 kilometres (103 mi) off the coast of Iwate Prefecture, Honshu.It resulted in two tsunamis which destroyed about 9,000 homes and caused at least 22,000 deaths. The first wave receded back out to sea and returned in a second wave five minutes later. The Sanriku region was the most affected area in Japan. Because this earthquake occurred about 290 km (180 mi) off the coast of Honshu, most of the casualties and damage were caused by the large tsunami that was generated, instead of directly from the earthquake itself. Tsunamis generated by both earthquakes caused severe damage along the Sanriku coast. The tsunami caused widespread flooding of the Sendai plain. Five days after the earthquake in 2011, a train ran some sections miraculously left to encourage people along the line. Houses Heavily Damaged by the Sanriku Earthquake . Ancient. The epicenter of the 1933 Sanriku earthquake was located offshore, 290 kilometres (180 mi) east of the city of Kamaishi, Iwate. Earthquake. See more » Intraplate earthquake. In 1937, another very strong tsunami hit the coast of Sanriku. It has been estimated that the … According to old documents, the earth shook violently three times. AU - Kirby, Stephen H. AU - Kalligeris, Nikos. Villagers observed minor shocks in the earlier part of the day, many hours before the earthquake. Ancient The 8.5 magnitude earthquake occurred at 19:32 (local time) on June 15, 1896, approximately 166 kilometres (103 mi) off the coast of Iwate Prefecture, Honshu.It resulted in two tsunamis which destroyed about 9,000 homes and caused at least 22,000 deaths. In 2001, researchers identified … … Unfortunately, in spite of the long history of tsunamis on this coast, very little beyond immediate humanitarian assistance was done by public authorities. (1) (1) On the evening of June 15, communities along the coast of Sanriku were celebrating the Shinto holiday and the return of soldiers from the Sino-Japanese War. The 8.5 magnitude earthquake occurred at 19:32 (local time) on June 15, 1896, approximately 166 kilometres (103 mi) off the coast of Iwate Prefecture, Honshu.It resulted in two tsunamis which destroyed about 9,000 homes and caused at least 22,000 deaths. The 1896 Sanriku earthquake was one of the most destructive seismic events in Japanese history. This is a typical tsunami earthquake, which generates anomalously larger tsunamis than expected from its seismic waves. The 1896 Sanriku earthquake was one of the most destructive seismic events in Japanese history. The focal process of the Sanriku earthquake of March 2, 1933, is discussed in relation to the bending mechanism of the lithosphere. According to old documents, the earth shook violently three times. Previous studies indicate that the earthquake occurred beneath the accretionary wedge near the trench axis. In Hawaii, wharves were demolished and several houses swept away. The 1611 Sanriku earthquake (慶長三陸地震, Keichō Sanriku Jishin) occurred on December 2, 1611, with an epicenter off the Sanriku coast in Iwate Prefecture. The 1896 Sanriku earthquake was one of the most destructive seismic events in Japanese history. [4], National Centers for Environmental Information, "Catalog of Damaging Earthquakes in the World", "Danger in the Lowground: The Japan Earthquake in Historical Context", "Triple Seismic Zone and the Regional Variation of Seismicity along the Northern Honshu Arc", "図１６　１６１１年１２月２日の慶長三陸地震の津波波高分布と震度分布（羽鳥，１９７５ｂ）", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1611_Sanriku_earthquake&oldid=984437221, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 20 October 2020, at 02:44. The common feature of the damage that Hachinohe City had received in two large earthquakes was examined. It resulted in two tsunamis which destroyed about 9,000 homes and caused at least 22,000 deaths. 1896Sanriku, JapanEarthquakeWhere it happened...Sanriku is located on the North coast of Japan.DescriptionThe damage was extreme. The Sanriku coast was severely damaged not only by the 2011 Tohoku tsunami, but also by the tsunamis that followed the 1933 Showa Sanriku and 1896 Meiji Sanriku earthquakes. At about 10:30 on December 2, 1611 (Keichō 16, 10th month, 28th day), there was a severe earthquake, and at about 14:00 (local time), this was followed by a devastating tsunami. Both earthquakes generated the tsunami that caused enormous damage. [6], The tsunami reached its maximum estimated height of about 20 meters at Ōfunato, Iwate. The recurrence of major seismic activity continues in the 21st century. It would have been very similar to the 1605 Keichō Nankaidō earthquake, a tsunami earthquake in the Nankai Trough area. It occurred along the Japan Trench in the northern tsunami source area of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake where a delayed tsunami generation has been proposed. The northeast coast of Honshu, Japan, in Iwate Prefecture, was hit with a powerful earthquake of magnitude 8.4 on March 2, 1933. The associated tsunami caused widespread damage. It resulted in two tsunamis which destroyed about 9,000 homes and caused at least 22,000 deaths. At times the tsunami’s wave reached a height of 125 feet. The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (昭和三陸地震, Shōwa Sanriku Jishin) occurred on the Sanriku coast of the Tōhoku region of Honshū, Japan on March 2 with a moment magnitude of 8.4. They also prepared a booklet on precautions for preventing a disaster. The strong power of the earthquake caused a tsunami with almost 30 m height. [7], The tsunami struck on the east coast of Sanriku from Sendai bay in the south to southeastern Hokkaido in the north, a greater length of coastline than was affected by the 1896 tsunami. The 8.5 magnitude earthquake occurred at 19:32 (local time) on June 15, 1896, approximately 166 kilometres (103 mi) off the coast of Iwate Prefecture, Honshu.It resulted in two tsunamis which destroyed about 9,000 homes and caused at least 22,000 deaths. However, it took a further thirty years before action was taken on detailed preventive measures. The 869 Sanriku earthquake (貞観地震, Jōgan jishin) and associated tsunami struck the area around Sendai in the northern part of Honshu on 9 July (26th day of 5th month, 11th year of Jōgan). The people remained with no homes, security and protection. The 1896 Sanriku earthquake was one of the most destructive seismic events in Japanese history. The Japanese Red Cross Society and the Nurse Association sent doctors and nurses to treat the injured. INTRODUCTION. Tsunamis generated by both earthquakes caused severe damage along the Sanriku coast. In 2:30:48 March 3, 1933, Showa Sanriku earthquake, occurs as a seismic source (7.7 minutes north latitude 39 degrees, 7 minutes east longitude 144 degrees) Kamaishi City, 200km east Okiyaku the have. ... as in the 1896 Sanriku earthquake. The epicenter was located offshore, 290 kilometres (180 mi) east of the city of Kamaishi, Iwate.The main shock occurred at 02:31 AM local time on March 3, 1933 (17:31 UTC March 2, 1933) and measured 8.4 on the moment magnitude scale. The associated tsunami caused widespread damage. The associated tsunami caused widespread damage. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of at least 8.4 on the moment magnitude scale, but may have been as high as 9.0, similar to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. Figure 1. T2 - A global seismological reassessment. The earthquake from March 2, 1933, led to many damages and 3000 victims. Your email address will not be published. Professor Kazuomi Hirakawa of Hokkaido University has found tsunami deposits on the southern part of Hokkaido and northern Sanriku from the early part of the 17th century. Earthquake title=1933 Sanriku earthquake date= March 2 1933 magnitude = 8.4 Mw depth= location= countries affected = flag|Japan flag|United States tsunami = Yes casualties = at least 3000 dead The 1933 Sanriku earthquake occurred on March 2, 1933. The 1896 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake was highly destructive, generating the most devastating tsunami in Japanese history, destroying about 9,000 homes and causing at least 22,000 deaths. On June 16, the day following the tsunami disaster, a telegram reporting the disaster reached the Interior Ministry. T2 - A global seismological reassessment. The military authorities also sent soldiers to secure public order, military engineers to recover bodies from the rubble, and the navy to search the water for bodies of the victims. A great earthquake occurred on March 2, 1933 (UTC DATE) in the Sanriku region of Japan and generated a destructive tsunami that caused extensive damage along the Sanriku coast of the Tohoku region of the island of Honshu. The 869 Sanriku earthquake and its associated tsunami struck the area around Sendai in the northern part of Honshu on 9 July 869 AD. Consequently, the disaster caused by earthquake is also known as the "Keicho Sanriku tsunami earthquake". Sources. The 1896 Sanriku earthquake was a typical ‘tsunami earthquake’ which caused large tsunami despite its weak ground shaking. The source of the earthquake was off the north coast of Sanriku. Leave a Comment / Natural / By devastating. AU - Okal, Emile A. Shaking from the 1896 event was not widely felt but the tsunami destroyed nearly 9,000 homes and claimed more than 22,000 lives, making this one of the most damaging earthquakes in Japan’s history. This boundary has been associated with a series of large historical earthquakes, originating either from rupture along the plate interface or from deformation within either the over-riding or subducting plates, many of them triggering a destructive tsunami, such as the 1896 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake. The 8.5 magnitude earthquake occurred at 19:32 (local time) on June 15, 1896, approximately 166 kilometres (103 mi) off the coast of Iwate Prefecture, Honshu.It resulted in two tsunamis which destroyed about 9,000 homes and caused at least 22,000 deaths. Required fields are marked *. Seismologists have discovered the tsunami's magnitude (Mt = 8.2) was much greater than expected for the estimated seismic magnitude. The 1896 Sanriku earthquake (明治三陸地震, Meiji Sanriku Jishin) was one of the most destructive seismic events in Japanese history. They had installed tidal embankments, trees, and escape roads. AU - Okal, Emile A. The 8.5 magnitude earthquake occurred at 19:32 (local time) on June 15, 1896, approximately 166 kilometres (103 mi) off the coast of Iwate Prefecture, Honshu. This earthquake resulted in two tsunamis caused destruction of 9000 homes and at least 22000 deaths. The impact on shore was much weaker than would normally be expected from such a powerful earthquake so there was little expectation of a tsunami, even though this part of the Japanese coast experiences earthquakes frequently. The people remained with no homes, security and protection. About 5,000 houses in Japan were destroyed, of which nearly 3,000 were washed away. In this section, we will distinguish between the earthquakes by referring to them as the Meiji (1896) earthquake and the Showa (1933) earthquake. 1933-03-02 17:31:00 (UTC) 39.209°N 144.590°E; 15.0 km depth; ... (180 mi) off the coast of Honshu, most of the casualties and damage were caused by the large tsunami that was generated, instead of directly from the earthquake itself. Other things listed in the booklet included avoiding the recession of the tsunami’s first wave and being prepared to evacuate the coast quickly and move to higher ground. Maximum wave heights of 28.7 m … This time the local authorities were better prepared for it. Most … 2016 ), and it caused a large tsunami that resulted in 3000 deaths (Uchida et al. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of at least 8.4 on the moment magnitude scale, but may have been as high as 9.0, similar to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. The 1611 Sanriku earthquake ... Consequently, the disaster caused by earthquake is also known as the "Keicho Sanriku tsunami earthquake". Sanriku Earthquake – Japan – March 2, 1933. (1) On the evening of June 15, communities along the coast of Sanriku were celebrating the Shinto holiday and the return of soldiers from the Sino-Japanese War. The earthquake and subsequent tsunamis destroyed 9,000 homes and caused approximately 22,000 deaths. The 1896 Sanriku earthquake was one of the most devastating tsunami earthquakes, which generated an anomalously larger tsunami than expected from its seismic waves. Sanriku Tsunami Sanriku Japan Japan Earthquake Damage Sanriku Tsunami 1896 9.0 Earthquake 9.8 Earthquake Sanriku Coast Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami 5 Facts About Earthquakes Japanese Earthquake and Tsunami Earthquake Intensity Japan Tsunami Disaster Japan Earthquake History Assam Tibet Earthquake Minamisanriku Most Recent Tsunami Tsunami Caused by Earthquake 9.0 Magnitude Earthquake … Shallow earthquakes cause the most damage because the focus is near where people live. The damage from the tsunami far exceeded that from the earthquake, so this is considered to be a tsunami earthquake. Usually victims in tsunami disasters die by drowning but, in the Sanriku tsunami, there was extensive damage to the bodies of victims; fractured skulls, bodies heavily scarred, and legs and arms broken. N1 - Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to Hiroo Kanamori for sending us a preliminary write up of his solution for the moment of the 1933 earthquake, and to Naoki Uchida for collaboration and a data set … Sanriku is still on the way of recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 and the typhoon in 2019 caused great damage again on the Sanriku Railway, which was originally built to deliver goods to areas isolated due to disasters and is now a symbol of recovery. Its epicenter was ninety miles offshore, near an area of very deep water known as the Japan Trench. Earthquake on January 17, 1995, when an elevated section of the Sanyo Shinkansen fell and concrete dropped from a tunnel wall. Download this stock image: Japan, Sanriku Earthquake and Tsunami, 1933 - HRNTTT from Alamy's library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors. M 8.4 - 1933 Sanriku (Sanriku-oki) Earthquake, Japan. The magnitude of the earthquake was 8.1Ms. Devastation caused by the tsunami at Sanriku . The tsunami caused … T1 - The Showa Sanriku earthquake of 1933 March 2. Sanriku Earthquake in the past about 30 years in two large earthquakes. [8] According to old documents, 1,783 people were killed in the Sendai Domain, and over 3000 horses and men in the Nanbu and Tsugaru domains. At the same time it pointed out that a loud noise like thunder might indicate an approaching tsunami. AU - Kirby, Stephen H. AU - Kalligeris, Nikos. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of at least 8.4 on the moment magnitude scale, but may have been as high as 9.0, similar to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. Sanriku (三陸), sometimes known as Rikushū (陸州), lies on the northeastern side of the island of Honshu, corresponding to today's Aomori, Iwate and parts of Miyagi Prefecture and has a long history.. The Sanriku coast has a well-documented history of significant seismic activity. The 1896 Sanriku earthquake was one of the most destructive seismic events in Japanese history. Sanriku, Japan The tsunami to hit Sanriku, Japan on June 15th, 1896 was caused by an earthquake of a magnitude 7.6. Hence the relation between the 1896 and 2011 tsunami sources is an important scientific as well as … ... Honshu, immediately west of the Japan Trench, but caused only mild shaking and no damage—and did … It was pointed out recently that sediments near a toe of an inner trench slope with a large horizontal movement due to the … A major earthquake in the 19th century caused more than 20,000 deaths, and another in the 20th century caused thousands more. The 1896 Sanriku earthquake (明治三陸地震, Meiji Sanriku Jishin) was one of the most destructive seismic events in Japanese history. It was followed by a tsunami that reached heights of seventy feet, … In 1933, Japan was shacked by a strong earthquake, with a 8.5 Richter power. T1 - The Showa Sanriku earthquake of 1933 March 2. The strong power of the earthquake caused a tsunami with almost 30 m height. Everything in its path was totally devastated. On June 15, 1896, an earthquake of magnitude 8.5 struck the Sanriku coast on the northeast of Honshu, Japan, in the Iwate Prefecture. The earthquake lasted for five minutes and was accompanied by a slow shaking. A major earthquake in the 19th century caused more than 20,000 deaths, and another in the 20th century caused thousands more. About 5,000 houses in Japan were destroyed, of which nearly 3,000 were washed away. This earthquake is now regarded as being part of a … Many villagers were at the beach celebrating two events when the earthquake occurred: the return of soldiers from a successful war with China, the first Sino-Japanese War of 1894, and the annual Boys’ Festival. At about 10:30 on December 2, 1611 (Keichō 16, 10th month, 28th day), there was a severe earthquake, and at about 14:00 (local time), this was followed by a devastating tsunami. Its epicenter on a reverse fault near the Japan Trench was the reason for the mild impact felt on shore. There was little awareness of the earthquake because of its distance from shore and because of its character, but the tsunami that ensued was massive and did overwhelming damage on shore and killed 26,000 people. In the northern part of the Japan Trench, the 1933 Showa-Sanriku earthquake (M w 8.4), an outer-trench, normal-faulting earthquake, occurred 37 yr after the 1896 Meiji-Sanriku tsunami earthquake (M w 8.0), a shallow, near-trench, plate-interface rupture. After reporting to the Meiji emperor, the minister of the Interior Ministry contacted all ministries to deliver relief and rescue for the tsunami victims. On June 15, 1896, an earthquake of magnitude 8.5 struck the Sanriku coast on the northeast of Honshu, Japan, in the Iwate Prefecture. In California a 9.5 foot-high wave arrived. Sanriku, Japan The tsunami to hit Sanriku, Japan on June 15th, 1896 was caused by an earthquake of a magnitude 7.6. ABSTRACT: The Tohoku region in Japan was hit by a gigantic earthquake of M=9.0 subsequently followed by a huge tsunami which occurred off the Pacific ocean. The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (昭和三陸地震, Shōwa Sanriku Jishin) occurred on the Sanriku coast of the Tōhoku region of Honshū, Japan on March 2 with a moment magnitude of 8.4. The tsunami caused by the earthquake caused most of the casualties, however the earthquake did some damage. It would have been very similar to the 1605 Keichō Nankaidō earthquake, a tsunami earthquake in the Nankai Trough area. ... at Ōfunato, Iwate, caused extensive damage, destroyed many homes and caused numerous casualties The tsunami destroyed over 7,000 homes along the northern Japanese coastline, … The emperor delegated one person to visit the disaster site and cheer up the survivors with encouraging words. The 1896 Sanriku earthquake was one of the most destructive seismic events in Japanese history. 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